Seed germination and dormancy breaking techniques for Ferula gummosa and Teucrium polium

Dormancy and germination requirements were investigated in seeds of Ferula gummosa Boiss (Apiaceae) and Teucrium polium L. (Labiatae). Seeds of both species were subjected to different treatments including various levels of GA3, HNO3, H2SO4, chilling and soaking with water at different temperatures. Germination of both species increased at higher concentrations of GA3. In the case of F. gummosa highest germination percentage was obtained when the seeds were treated, soaked in water at 5 1C. For T. polium seeds, the highest germination percentage was found when they were exposed to GA3. The highest germination rate and percentage of T. polium seeds were obtained at concentrations of 500–2500 ppm GA3. Washing and chilling (5 1C) for a period of 14 days was most effective in breaking dormancy in F. gummosa. Acid scarification by H2SO4 (75% v/v), for 5 and 10min with GA3 (1500 ppm, 48 h), broke dormancy and induced, 31.9% and 34.1% germination of T. polium, respectively. In contrast to F. gummosa which showed no response to water soaking, T. polium germination see front matter r 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. .jaridenv.2005.06.009 nding author. Present address: Graduate school of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The f Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan. Tel.: +81 3 5841 8045; fax: 084. dress: [email protected] (M. Bannayan).